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The Serbian Revolutionary Organization ((セルビア語:Srpska revolucionarna organizacija/Српска револуционарна организација)) or Serbian Chetnik Organization (Српска четничка организација/Srpska četnička organizacija) was a revolutionary organization with the aim of liberation of Old Serbia (Kosovo) and Macedonia from the Ottoman Empire (in the vilayets of Kosovo, Manastir and Salonika). Its Central Committee was established in 1902, while the Serbian Committee (Српски комитет) was established in September 1903 in Belgrade, by the combined Central Boards of Belgrade, Vranje, Skopje and Bitola. Its armed wing was activated in 1904. Among the architects were members of the Saint Sava society, Army Staff and Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It operated during the Struggle for Macedonia (Борба за Македонију), a series of social, political, cultural and military conflicts in the region of Macedonia. The central committee had initially funded individual, and small groups of ''hajduks'' (brigands), who were either self-organized or part of the Bulgarian revolutionary organizations in Macedonia (Supreme Macedonian-Adrianople Committee or Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization). These sought to protect the Slavic Christian population from ''zulum'' (atrocities, persecution). With the failed negotiations of a joint Serbian-Bulgarian action, and growing nationalism within the Bulgarian committees, the Serbian committee decided to fully organize their own armed groups. The Central Committee sent the first two bands into Macedonia in 1904, which were exposed early and completely destroyed. The second wave proved more successful; however, hostility between the Bulgarian Committee and the Serbian Committee began. Serb Chetniks thus fought the Ottomans, and Bulgarian and Albanian bands. Prominent guerrilla fighters include Jovan Babunski, Gligor Sokolović, Ilija Trifunović-Birčanin, Mihailo Ristić-Džervinac, Jovan Grković-Gapon, Vasilije Trbić, Garda Spasa, Borivoje Jovanović-Brana, Ilija Jovanović-Pčinjski, Jovan Stanojković-Dovezenski, Micko Krstić, Lazar Kujundžić, Cene Marković, Miša Aleksić-Marinko, Doksim Mihailović, Kosta Milovanović-Pećanac, Vojin Popović-Vuk, Savatije Milošević and Petko Ilić. The period is known as Serb Action in Macedonia (Српска акција у Македонији). After the proclamation of the Young Turk revolution in 1908 and the proclamation of the constitution, all of the brigands in Macedonia, including the Serbian Chetniks, put down their weapons, however, guerilla fighting soon continued, later merging into the Balkan Wars. ==Background== *Serb struggle for Macedonia *Serbo-Turkish War (1876–78) *Kumanovo Uprising In 1880, an assembly consisting of 65 of the most notable people of the districts of Kumanovo, Kriva Palanka, Kočani, Štip, Veles, Prilep, Bitola, Ohrid, Kičevo and Skopje appealed to the former Serbian commander of the Macedonian volunteers in the Serbo-Turkish War to have them armed and led in a revolt against the Ottoman Empire.〔Georgevitch, p. 183〕 Serbia secretly and carefully aided them,〔Matica Srpska 1992, p. 55: "Србија је тајно и врло опрезно помагала акције хришћана у Турској (Брсјачка буна), али је на интервенције владе та помоћ престала ... 1881"〕 and the Brsjak Revolt broke out in the counties of Kičevo, Poreč, Bitola and Prilep, lasting over 6 months.〔 It ultimately ended in failure,〔 as the Ottoman army succeeded in suppressing the rebellion in the winter of 1880/1881, and many of the leaders were exiled.〔Koliševski 1962, p. 499: "Сето ова движење во Западна Македонија е познато во историјата под името „Брсјачка буна". Турската војска успеа во зимата 1880 — 1881 година да ја задуши буната и многу нејзини водачи да ги испрати на заточение."〕 Persecution of Serbs in Macedonia followed, with an increasing Bulgarization in the region.〔 Ilija Delija, Rista Kostadinović, Micko Krstić and Anđelko Tanasović were among the assembly members. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Serbian Chetnik Organization」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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